RIP

 

RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

 

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is an Open standard and distance vector routing protocol, Distance means the destination how far away and RIP uses metrics and Vector means Which direction in routing we care about which interface and the IP address of the next router to send it to.

RIP works on the network layer of the OSI model and port no uses 520. Administrative distance uses 120 and Metric uses hop count, max hop count limit of 15 hops and 16 hops deemed unreachable, It Supports VLSM/CIDR and auto Summarization. The algorithm uses Bellman-ford, It sends routing updates to its neighbor every 30 seconds and provides slow convergence. updates are sent periodically but exchange full routing table.

RIP v1 is a classful routing protocol whereas RIP v2 supports both classful and classless means sharing subnet mask information during routing updates. It Supports both authentication plain text and md5 (Message Digest 5). It supports round-robin load balancing, Load balances of up to 4 equal cost paths, and a maximum of up to 6. 

RIP v1 uses a broadcast address for sending routing updates to its neighbours but RIP v2 uses a multicast address 224.0.0.9 for sending routing updates to its neighbours. It maintains the routing table and uses the preferred lowest metric (hops count) for choosing the best route.

RIP Passive-Interface- If you enable Passive-Interface on any interface then the RIP router will receive updates but it will not send any update to neighbor routers. if you want to enable a passive interface on all interfaces of any router then you should use the default keyword for that.

RIP Timers:

RIP Update Time: Every RIP speak router sends an update to its neighbor every 30 seconds. The RIP default update time is 30 seconds.

RIP Invalid Time: the number of seconds since we received the last valid update, once this timer expires the route goes into hold down, the default is 180 seconds.

RIP Hold-down Time: the number of seconds that we wait before we accept any new updates for the route that is in hold-down, the default is 180 seconds,

RIP Flush Time: how many seconds since we received the last valid update until we throw the route away, the default is 240 seconds.

 

 

How to Configure RIP for Round Robin Load Balancing

 

 

R1 Configuration

 

Router(config-if)#router rip

Router(config-router)#ver 2

Router(config-router)#net 1.0.0.0

Router(config-router)#net 3.0.0.0

Router(config-router)#net 10.0.0.0

Router(config-router)#no auto-summary

Router(config-router)#do wr

 

R2 Configuration

 

Router(config-if)#router rip

Router(config-router)#ver 2

Router(config-router)#net 1.0.0.0

Router(config-router)#net 2.0.0.0

Router(config-router)#no auto-summary

Router(config-router)#do wr

 

R3 Configuration

 

Router(config-if)#router rip

Router(config-router)#ver 2

Router(config-router)#net 2.0.0.0

Router(config-router)#net 4.0.0.0

Router(config-router)#net 20.0.0.0

Router(config-router)#no auto-summary

Router(config-router)#do wr

 

R4 Configuration

 

Router(config-if)#router rip

Router(config-router)#ver 2

Router(config-router)#net 3.0.0.0

Router(config-router)#net 4.0.0.0

Router(config-router)#no auto-summary

Router(config-router)#do wr

 

Test Load Balancing

 

C:\>tracert 20.0.0.2

C:\>tracert 10.0.0.2